Cannabis Glossary A-Z - Comprehensive hemp lexicon for seeds, growing and cultivation

Calyx

A sepal or sepalum is a leaf of the outer perianth in the flower of angiospermous plants. The entirety of the sepals of a flower is called the calyx or calyx. In cannabis, the calyxes are the small, leaf-like structures that encase the seeds.

Cannabidiol (CBD)

Cannabidiol (CBD) is a weakly psychoactive cannabinoid from the female Cannabis Cannabis Sativa/indica. Medicinally, it has anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic and anti-nausea effects. Further pharmacological effects, such as an antipsychotic effect, are being researched.

When consuming hemp products, a high CBD content tends to have a sedative effect, while a low CBD content tends to have a stimulating effect. The concentrations of THC and CBD are antiproportional to each other.

CBG (cannabigerol)

Cannabigerol is a non-psychoactive cannabinoid found in various types of Cannabis. It has a sleep-inducing and antimicrobial effect, lowers intraocular pressure and has antibiotic properties. It also has neuroprotective effects and is being investigated for its potential in cancer treatment.

CBN (cannabinol)

Cannabinol is a representative of the naturally occurring cannabinoids. It is not psychoactive and only binds very weakly to the cannabinoid 1 receptor. Cbn is a by-product of THC degradation and can modify the "high".

Chlorophyll

The green pigment in cannabis leaves that is responsible for photosynthesis. During the curing process, chlorophyll breaks down, resulting in a milder taste and aroma of the dried flowers.

Clone

A genetically identical offshoot of a cannabis plant produced by vegetative propagation (cuttings). Clones have the same genetic characteristics as the mother plant.

Concentrates

High potency cannabis extracts produced by various extraction methods. These include wax, shatter, rosin and other forms with very high cannabinoid concentrations.

Cotyledons

The first leaves that sprout from a cannabis seed, also known as cotyledons. They provide the young plant with nutrients until the first true leaves have developed and can take over photosynthesis.

Cultivar

A cultivated strain or variety of cannabis that has been developed through selective breeding. Cultivars have specific, stable characteristics that distinguish them from other varieties.

Cure (curing)

The process of slow, gradual drying of flowers after harvest to achieve maximum flavor, aroma and potency. Proper curing can take several weeks.

Curing

The controlled curing process after drying, in which cannabis flowers are stored in airtight containers. This process improves flavor, aroma and potency by slowly breaking down chlorophyll and other undesirable compounds.

Dab

A method of cannabis consumption in which highly concentrated extracts (concentrates) are vaporized and inhaled on a hot surface. Requires special equipment such as a dab rig.

Decarboxylation

A chemical process in which Thca (tetrahydrocannabinolic acid) is converted by heat into the psychoactive THC. This process is necessary to activate the full effect of cannabis.

Defoliation

A cultivation technique in which leaves are selectively removed from cannabis plants to improve light penetration and focus the plant's energy on flower production. Must be done carefully so as not to stress the plant.

Diesel

A family of cannabis strains known for their characteristic, fuel-like aroma. Diesel-Strains are often sativa-dominant and offer energizing effects with a distinctive, pungent scent.

Drying

The first step after harvest, where cannabis flowers are slowly dried to reduce moisture. Proper drying is crucial for the quality and shelf life of the flowers.

DWC (Deep Water Culture)

A hydroponic method in which the roots of the cannabis plants are suspended directly in an oxygen-rich nutrient solution. This technique enables very fast growth and high yields when used correctly.

Fertilizer

Substances that provide cannabis plants with additional nutrients and minerals during growth. A distinction is made between organic and mineral fertilizers as well as special fertilizers for different growth phases.

Fertilizer

A form of Fertilizer that has been specially developed for growing cannabis. Contains mostly the most important macronutrients nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K).

Fertilization scheme

A detailed plan for the use of fertilizers during the different growth phases of cannabis plants. Takes into account the different nutrient requirements during germination, growth and flowering.

Ebb and Flow

A hydroponic irrigation system, also known as an ebb and flow system. The plants are periodically flooded with nutrient solution and then drained again, which enables an efficient supply of nutrients and oxygen to the roots.

EC value

The electrical conductivity of a nutrient solution, measured in microsiemens (μS) or millisiemens (mS). The EC value provides information about the concentration of dissolved nutrients and helps with the dosage of fertilizer.

Edibles

Cannabis-containing foods such as cookies, gummy bears, chocolate or drinks. Edibles have a delayed but longer-lasting effect compared to smoking or vaporizing.

Endocannabinoid system

A complex network of receptors and neurotransmitters in the human body that is involved in the regulation of various physiological processes. Cannabis cannabinoids interact with this system.

Entourage effect

The phenomenon in which various cannabis compounds (cannabinoids, terpenes, Flavonoids) work together synergistically and produce an enhanced or modified effect that goes beyond the sum of the individual effects.

Harvest

The process by which the mature buds and flowers of cannabis plants are harvested. The right harvest time is crucial for potency, taste and effect.

Harvest time

The optimum time at which cannabis plants should be harvested. Is usually determined by the color of the Trichomes - from clear to milky to amber.

Etiolation

A condition in which cannabis plants grow excessively tall when there is a lack of light, developing weak, thin stems and pale leaves. Also referred to as "horny growth".

Extracts

Cannabis-derived concentrated substances available in various forms such as oils, wax, shatter or rosin. Contain high concentrations of cannabinoids.

Extraction process

Various methods for extracting cannabinoids from cannabis plant material. These include CO2 extraction, butane extraction, alcohol extraction and rosin pressing.

F1 Hybrid

The first generation of a cross between two different cannabis strains. F1 hybrids often show hybrid vigor (heterosis) with improved growth, yield and resistance compared to the parent plants.

Fast version

Cannabis strains that have a shortened flowering time due to crossing with autoflowering genetics, but still remain photoperiodic. They combine the advantages of rapid maturation with control over the onset of flowering.

Feminized seeds

Cannabis seeds that have been genetically engineered to produce female plants with a very high probability (99%+). This eliminates the need to identify and remove male plants.

Fibromyalgia

A chronic pain disorder characterized by widespread muscle and joint pain, fatigue and sleep disturbances. Cannabis is used by some patients for symptom relief.

Fimming

A trimming technique in which about 75% of the main tip is removed instead of cutting it off completely as in topping. This often results in the development of 4 or more new main shoots.

Flavonoids

Secondary plant compounds found in cannabis that contribute to flavor, color and potential health benefits. They work synergistically with cannabinoids and terpenes in the entourage effect.

Flowering

The flowering phase in the cannabis life cycle, during which the plants develop their reproductive organs and produce the resin-rich flowers that are harvested.

Flush

The process of watering cannabis plants with only pure water in the last 1-2 weeks before harvest to flush excess nutrients from the plant and improve flavor.

Foliar Feeding

A fertilization method in which nutrients are sprayed directly onto the leaves. This enables rapid nutrient absorption and can be used in the event of nutrient deficiencies or as a supplement to root fertilization.

Full Spectrum

Cannabis extracts that contain the full spectrum of cannabinoids, terpenes and other compounds found in the plant. These extracts utilize the entourage effect for a more comprehensive effect.

Fungicide

Chemical or biological agents to combat fungal diseases in cannabis plants. Important for the prevention and treatment of problems such as mildew, botrytis and other fungal infections.

Genetics

The properties and characteristics of cannabis plants that are determined by their genes. These include growth behavior, cannabinoid profiles, aromas and resistances.

Genotype

The genetic makeup of a cannabis plant that determines its potential characteristics. The genotype interacts with environmental factors to produce the visible phenotype.

Germination

The germination process of cannabis seeds, during which the first roots and shoots develop. Successful germination requires the right combination of moisture, heat and oxygen.

Glandular trichomes

The resin-producing trichomes on cannabis flowers, which contain the highest concentrations of cannabinoids and terpenes. These are the most valuable parts of the plant for extraction.

Guerrilla Growing

An outdoor cultivation method where cannabis plants are grown in hidden, natural locations. Requires careful site selection and minimal visits to avoid detection.

Greenhouse

A controlled growing environment with glass or plastic walls that provides protection from the elements while utilizing natural light.

Grinder

A device for shredding cannabis flowers into smaller, uniform pieces. Usually made of metal or plastic with sharp teeth.

Grow

Colloquial term for cannabis cultivation. Can refer to the entire cultivation process or the cultivation area.

Grow Room

A specially equipped room for indoor cannabis cultivation with controlled lighting, ventilation, temperature and humidity.

Hashish

A cannabis product made from compressed or purified Trichomes. Hashish contains the same active ingredients as cannabis flowers, but in higher concentrations. The color varies from light brown to black.

Haze

A family of sativa-dominant cannabis strains known for their energizing effects, long flowering time and complex terpene profile. Haze strains originated in the 1960s and 70s.

Hermaphrodite

A cannabis plant that develops both male and female reproductive organs. Can be caused by stress or genetic factors.

High-stress training (HST)

Cultivation techniques that deliberately stress the plant to increase yield and cannabinoid production. These include topping, Fimming and super cropping.

HPS (High Pressure Sodium)

High-pressure sodium vapor lamps traditionally used for the flowering phase in indoor cannabis cultivation. They produce a yellowish-orange light that is rich in the red spectrum.

Humidity

The humidity in the growing environment, which has a decisive influence on the growth and health of cannabis plants. Optimal values vary depending on the growth phase.

Hybrid

A cannabis strain created by crossing different varieties. Hybrids combine characteristics of indica and sativa strains and can have different effect profiles.

Hydroponics

A cultivation method in which plants grow in a nutrient solution without Earth Enables precise control over the nutrient supply and often faster growth.

IBL (Inbred Line)

An inbred cannabis line that has been stabilized through several generations of self-pollination or sibling mating. IBLs have very stable, predictable characteristics.

Indica

A cannabis subspecies originally from Afghanistan, Pakistan and surrounding areas. Indica plants are usually shorter and bushier than sativas, with broad, dark green leaves. The effect is often described as relaxing and sedating.

Indoor

Cannabis cultivation indoors under artificial lighting. Allows complete control over all environmental factors, but higher costs for equipment and electricity.

Internodes

The distance between two nodes on the shoot axis of a plant. Short internodes lead to more compact plants, long ones to more elongated ones.

Iron Deficiency

Iron deficiency in cannabis plants, which is manifested by yellowing of the young leaves with leaf veins remaining green. Often caused by too high a pH value or over-fertilization.

Irrigation

The irrigation system for cannabis plants. Can range from simple hand watering to automated drip irrigation systems.

Isolates

Pure, isolated cannabinoid crystals, mostly CBD or THC, which have been separated from all other plant substances. Isolates contain 99%+ of the respective Cannabinoids.

Jack Herer

Named after the cannabis activist Jack Herer, this is both a famous sativa-dominant cannabis strain and the name of the "Cannabis Emperor" who fought for legalization.

Jiffy

Peat pots used for growing cannabis seeds and cuttings. They swell when water is added and provide a sterile germination medium.

Jock Horror

A sativa-dominant cannabis strain known for its fast flowering time and energizing effect. Often used as an alternative to longer Haze strains.

Joint

A cannabis cigarette rolled from crushed cannabis flowers in cigarette paper. One of the most common forms of cannabis consumption.

Journal

A grow journal in which cannabis growers document all important information about their plants, including nutrients, environmental conditions and observations.

Germination

The process by which cannabis seeds begin to sprout and develop their first roots and leaves. Usually takes place in a moist, warm environment.

Kelp Meal

An organic fertilizer made from dried and ground seaweed that is rich in micronutrients and growth hormones. Particularly popular in organic cannabis cultivation.

Kief

The fine, powdery trichomes that fall off cannabis flowers. Kief is very potent and can be smoked, pressed into hash or used for edibles.

Clones

Genetically identical copies of a cannabis plant produced by cuttings. Enable the preservation of desired characteristics.

Nodes

The places on the stem of a cannabis plant where leaves, branches or flowers grow. Also known as nodes and important for training techniques.

cola

A large, dense main bloom at the top of a cannabis branch. Colas are often the most valuable parts of the crop due to their size and potency.

Kush

A family of cannabis strains originally from the Hindu Kush mountain range. Kush strains are typically indica-dominant with earthy, spicy flavors and relaxing effects.

Landrace

Original, wild cannabis strains that have developed over centuries in their natural environment. These genetic treasures form the basis for modern breeding.

Landraces

Pure cannabis strains that grow in the wild and have been collected for breeding from all over the world. These original strains form the basis for modern hybrids.

LECA

Light Expanded Clay Aggregates - expanded clay pellets used as a substrate in hydroponic systems. They provide good drainage and aeration for the roots.

LED

Light Emitting Diode - an energy-efficient lighting technology for indoor cannabis cultivation. LED-Lamps produce less heat and consume less electricity than traditional lighting.

Light Burn

Damage to cannabis plants caused by too intense lighting, manifested by bleaching or burning of the upper leaves and flowers. Often caused by LED or HPS lighting that is too close.

Lollipoping

A pruning technique in which the lower branches and leaves are removed so that the plant concentrates its energy on the upper, light-exposed buds.

LST (Low Stress Training)

A gentle cultivation technique in which cannabis plants are trained by bending and fixing the branches to promote horizontal growth and increase yield.

Lumen

A unit of measurement for the amount of light emitted by a light source. Important for calculating illuminance in indoor cultivation.

Lux

A unit of measurement for illuminance that indicates how much light falls on a certain area. Important for optimizing the light distribution in the grow room.

Mainlining

An advanced training technique in which the plant is pruned so that it develops a symmetrical structure with several equal main shoots.

Marijuana

Another term for cannabis, used especially for the dried flowers and buds that are smoked or otherwise consumed.

Mesh

The mesh size used in hash production to separate trichomes of different sizes. Different mesh sizes produce different qualities of hash.

Micronutrients

Trace elements such as iron, manganese, zinc and boron, which cannabis plants need in small quantities but are essential for healthy growth.

Molasses

Molasses, a by-product of sugar production that is used as an organic nutrient and to feed beneficial microorganisms in the soil.

Monster Cropping

A technique in which clones are taken from flowering cannabis plants, which then return to the vegetative phase and develop bushy, branched growth.

Mother plant

A cannabis plant that is kept in the vegetative phase and serves as a source of clones (cuttings). Enables the continuous production of genetically identical plants.

Mutation

A change in the genetic structure of cannabis plants that can lead to new traits and characteristics. Can occur naturally or be promoted by breeding.

Myrcene

The most common terpene in cannabis, responsible for earthy, musky aromas and can have sedative properties. Often found in indica-dominant strains.

Nutrients

The minerals and substances that cannabis plants need during their growth. Divided into macronutrients (N-P-K) and micronutrients (trace elements).

Nutrient deficiency

A condition in which cannabis plants do not receive enough of certain nutrients, resulting in discoloration, stunted growth or other problems.

Nutrient surplus

A condition in which cannabis plants receive too many nutrients, which can lead to nutrient burn, leaf discoloration or other damage.

Neem Oil

A natural pesticide made from the seeds of the neem tree, which is used for the biological Pest control treatment of cannabis plants. Effective against many insects and fungi.

NFT (Nutrient Film Technique)

A hydroponic technique in which a thin film of nutrient solution flows continuously over the roots of the cannabis plants. Enables efficient nutrient and oxygen supply.

Nitrogen

Nitrogen (N) - an essential macronutrient for cannabis plants, particularly important during the vegetation phase for leaf growth and chlorophyll production.

Node (node)

The places on the stem of a cannabis plant where leaves, branches or flowers grow. Important for determining gender and training techniques.

Northern Lights

A legendary indica-dominant cannabis strain known for its relaxing effect, sweet taste and resilience.

Nutrient Burn

Nutrient burn - damage to cannabis plants caused by over-fertilization, manifested by brown, burnt leaf tips and edges.

OG Kush

A legendary cannabis strain from California, known for its potent effect and characteristic aroma. OG Kush has influenced many modern strains.

OG (Ocean Grown)

A term for cannabis strains that were originally developed on the west coast of the USA. OG strains are often very potent with characteristic aromas.

Organic substances

Natural, organic materials used in cannabis cultivation as a fertilizer or soil amendment Promote a sustainable cultivation system.

Organoleptic

Refers to properties that can be perceived through the senses - taste, smell, appearance and texture of cannabis.

Osmosis

A water filtration process used to purify water for cannabis cultivation. Reverse osmosis removes impurities and enables precise nutrient control.

Outdoor

Outdoor cannabis cultivation under natural conditions. Uses sunlight and natural seasons, is cheaper but less controllable than indoor cultivation.

Overfertilization

Over-fertilization of cannabis plants, which can lead to nutrient burn, slowed growth and other problems. Requires flushing and adjustment of nutrient applications.

Oxidation

The degradation of cannabinoids and terpenes through exposure to oxygen, which can lead to a loss of quality. Proper storage in airtight containers prevents oxidation.

Oils

Cannabis extracts in liquid form, obtained by various extraction methods. Can be taken orally, vaporized or applied topically.

PAR (Photosynthetically Active Radiation)

The range of the light spectrum (400-700nm) that plants can use for photosynthesis. PAR measurements are more important than lumens for the evaluation of grow lamps.

Perlite

A volcanic rock used as a substrate additive to improve drainage and aeration in cannabis growing mediums.

Phenotype

The external appearance of a cannabis plant, which is determined by the interaction of genetics and environmental factors. Different phenotypes of the same strain can show different characteristics.

Phosphorus

An essential macronutrient (P) for cannabis plants, especially important during the flowering phase for the development of flowers and roots.

Photoperiodic

Cannabis strains that induce flowering based on the length of the light and dark periods. Usually require 12 hours of darkness to flower.

pH value

A measure of the acidity of the soil or nutrient solution. Cannabis prefers a pH between 6.0-7.0 in soil and 5.5-6.5 in hydroponics.

Pistils

The white, hair-like structures that protrude from the female cannabis flowers. They change color during ripening and help determine the time of harvest.

Powdery Mildew

Powdery mildew - a fungal disease that appears as a white, powdery coating on cannabis leaves. Can be promoted by high humidity and poor air circulation.

Pre-roll

A pre-made joint that is commercially manufactured and sold. Provides convenience for consumers who don't want to roll their own.

Purple

Cannabis strains that develop violet or purple colorations in leaves or flowers. This coloration is often caused by cool temperatures or genetics.

Quality Control

Quality control measures in cannabis cultivation and processing to ensure consistency, purity and potency

Quantum Board

A type of LED lighting that distributes many small LED chips on a large circuit board to achieve uniform light distribution and high efficiency.

Quarantine

The isolation of new cannabis plants or clones for a period of time to ensure that they do not introduce pests or diseases into the main growing area.

Quick Dry

Quick-drying methods for cannabis that save time but often come at the expense of taste and quality.

Cross-linking

A process in which the trichomes cross over and become matted, resulting in a particularly high cannabinoid content.

Regular

Regular cannabis seeds are natural seeds from which both male and female plants can grow. They are particularly suitable for growers who want to create their own crosses.

Resin

The sticky resin produced by cannabis trichomes that contains cannabinoids and terpenes. Base for the production of hash and other concentrates.

Revegging

The process by which a flowering cannabis plant is brought back into the vegetative phase by changing the light cycles. Allows for further cloning or growth.

RH (Relative Humidity)

The relative humidity in the growing environment, expressed as a percentage. Optimal RH values vary depending on the growth phase of the cannabis plants.

Rockwool

Rock wool - a sterile, inert molten rock substrate used in hydroponic systems for cannabis cultivation. Provides good water and air retention.

Root Zone

The area around the roots of a cannabis plant where nutrient uptake and water absorption take place. The health of the root zone is crucial for plant growth.

Rosin

A solvent-free cannabis concentrate made by applying heat and pressure to cannabis flowers or hash. Considered particularly pure and flavorful.

Ruderalis

Cannabis Ruderalis is a wild subspecies of the cannabis genus, known for its lower THC content and autoflowering properties. Originates from the northern regions of Russia and Eastern Europe.

Runoff

The runoff water that runs out of the pots when watering cannabis plants. Analyzing the runoff can provide important information about pH value and nutrient concentration.

Sativa

A cannabis subspecies originally from equatorial regions. Sativa plants typically grow very tall (up to 4.5m), have narrow, light green leaves and an energizing, cerebral effect.

SCROG (Screen of Green)

A cultivation technique in which a net or grid is used to direct the growth of cannabis plants horizontally and achieve an even distribution of light.

Senescence

The natural aging process of cannabis plants where leaves turn yellow and die. Usually occurs towards the end of the flowering phase.

Shatter

A glassy cannabis concentrate with very high potency. It gets its name from its brittle, glass-like consistency, which "shatters" when touched.

SOG (Sea of Green)

A cultivation method in which many small plants are placed close together to quickly create a "green carpet" and shorten the harvest time.

Spider Mites

Spider mites - tiny pests that attack cannabis plants and cause damage by sucking on the leaves. Often manifested by small yellow dots on the leaves.

Cuttings

Cut branches of a cannabis plant that are rooted to produce genetically identical clones.

Strain

A specific cannabis strain or variety with characteristic properties such as aroma, effect, growth behavior and cannabinoid profile.

Stretch

The rapid height growth of cannabis plants at the start of the flowering phase. Can reach 2-3 times the vegetative height, depending on the strain.

Super Cropping

A high-stress training technique in which stems are carefully pinched to control growth and increase cannabinoid production.

Supercropping

A high-stress training technique in which stems are carefully pinched or bent to control growth and increase resin production.

TDS (Total Dissolved Solids)

The total amount of dissolved solids in a nutrient solution, measured in ppm (parts per million). Helps to monitor the nutrient concentration.

Terpenes

Aromatic compounds that are responsible for the smell and taste of cannabis. Terpenes can also influence the effect of cannabinoids (entourage effect).

Terpinolene

A terpene with a floral, herbaceous aroma that occurs in some cannabis strains and may have sedative properties.

THC (tetrahydrocannabinol)

The main psychoactive cannabinoid in cannabis. THC is responsible for the intoxicating effect and also has medicinal properties as an analgesic, neuroprotectant and appetite stimulant.

THCV (tetrahydrocannabivarin)

A cannabinoid with a similar structure to THC, found mainly in equatorial sativa strains. Thcv can modify the effects of THC and has its own therapeutic properties.

Thrips

Fringed wing drosophila - small insects that infest cannabis plants and cause silvery stripes and dots by sucking on the leaves.

Topping

A pruning technique in which the main tip of a cannabis plant is removed to encourage the growth of two new main shoots.

Transplanting

Repotting cannabis plants into larger containers to give them more room for root growth. Should be done carefully to minimize stress.

Trichomes

Hair-like structures on cannabis flowers and leaves that produce resin. Trichomes contain the highest concentrations of cannabinoids and terpenes.

Trimming

The process of removing leaves and excess plant material from cannabis flowers after harvest to improve quality and appearance.

Independent growers

Individuals or small companies that develop cannabis strains and produce seeds without being dependent on large corporations.

Underwatering

Underwatering cannabis plants, which can lead to wilted leaves, slowed growth and other stress problems.

Asexual reproduction

Propagation methods such as cuttings or tissue culture, in which no sexual reproduction takes place and genetically identical plants are created.

Uplifting

A description of the effects of cannabis strains that have a mood-enhancing, energizing effect.

Uptake

The absorption of nutrients and water by the roots of cannabis plants. Can be influenced by various factors such as pH value, temperature and nutrient concentration.

UV-B

Ultraviolet radiation in the B range, which in small quantities can increase Trichomes production and thus the potency of cannabis plants.

UV light

Ultraviolet light, which in small quantities can increase trichome production and thus the potency of cannabis plants.

Vegetation period

The growth phase in the cannabis life cycle in which the plant develops leaves and stems but does not yet flower. Also referred to as the "veg phase".

Vegetative

The growth phase of cannabis plants in which they develop leaves, stems and roots, but do not yet flower. Requires longer periods of light (18-24 hours).

Vaporizing (vaporizing)

A method of consumption in which cannabis is heated to a temperature that vaporizes the cannabinoids but does not burn the plant material.

Vermiculite

A mineral used as a substrate additive to improve water retention and aeration in cannabis growing mediums.

Pre-flowering

The early phase of flower development in which the first sexual characteristics and flower buds appear.

VPD (Vapor Pressure Deficit)

A measure of the difference between the current water vapor pressure in the air and the maximum water vapor pressure at a certain temperature. Important for optimizing growing conditions.

VPD (Vapor Pressure Deficit)

The water vapour pressure deficit - an important parameter for optimizing the transpiration and growth of cannabis plants by controlling temperature and humidity.

Water Curing

An alternative curing method in which cannabis flowers are immersed in water to remove water-soluble impurities and achieve a milder flavor.

Wax

A waxy cannabis concentrate with high potency. Gets its name from its soft, waxy consistency.

White Widow

A famous cannabis strain known for its white, trichome-rich flowers and balanced hybrid effect.

Whiteflies

Whiteflies - small, flying pests that attack cannabis plants and can cause damage by sucking on the leaves.

Wicking

A passive irrigation system in which water is transported from a reservoir to the plant roots by capillary action.

Growing phase

Synonym for vegetation period. The stage of development in which the plant grows and prepares for flowering.

Root system

The entire root network of a cannabis plant, which is responsible for the uptake of water and nutrients.

X chromosome

A sex chromosome that plays a role in determining the sex of cannabis plants. Female plants have two X chromosomes (XX).

Xerophyte

Plants adapted to dry conditions. Some cannabis varieties, especially ruderalis, show xerophytic properties.

Xylem

The tissue in cannabis plants that is responsible for transporting water and minerals from the roots to the leaves.

Y chromosome

The male sex chromosome in cannabis plants. Male plants have an X and a Y chromosome (XY).

Yellow Leaves

Yellow leaves can be a sign of nutrient deficiency, overwatering, pH problems or natural senescence (ageing).

Yellowing

The yellowing of cannabis leaves, which can have various causes, from natural aging to nutritional problems or disease.

Yield

The yield of cannabis cultivation, measured in grams of dried flowers per plant or per square meter of cultivation area.

Zinc Deficiency

Zinc deficiency in cannabis plants, manifested by yellowing between the leaf veins, stunted growth and deformed leaves.

Breeder

People or companies that breed cannabis plants, develop new varieties and produce seeds.

Intermediate flowering

The transitional area between the vegetative and flowering phase, in which the first flower buds develop.

Hermaphrodite (hermaphrodite)

A cannabis plant that develops both male and female reproductive organs. Can be caused by stress or genetic predisposition.

Zygote

The fertilized egg cell that is produced when male pollen fertilizes a female egg cell. The first step in sperm development.

Cycle

The complete life cycle of a cannabis plant from germination through growth and flowering to harvest.